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ATP is a nucleotide that performs many essential roles in the cell. It is the major energy currency of the cell, providing the energy for most of the energy-consuming activities of the cell. It is one of the monomers used in the synthesis of RNA and, after conversion to deoxyATP (dATP), DNA. It regulates many biochemical pathways. In mammals, it also functions outside of cells. Its release from damaged cells can elicit pain, and its release from the stretched wall of the urinary bladder signals when the bladder needs emptying. When the third phosphate group of ATP is removed by hydrolysis, a substantial amount of free energy is released.
